Mastering the G major scale on piano is a task every pianist will have to accomplish at some point in their journey, as much of our common repertoire is based on the components of this scale.
Here, we’ll dive deeper into ways for you to practice and perfect your A major scale on the piano.
Click here to watch the tonebase lesson on this topic for FREE!
Overview
Let’s practice the G major scale with the help of Beethoven.
Here’s an excerpt from Mozart’s elegant Sonata in G Major, K. 283:
And here’s an excerpt from Beethoven’s vivacious Fourth Concerto in G Major, Op. 58:
Here, we will identify the pure form of the scale common to both excerpts, before using them as the basis for multi-purpose practice: sight reading and fingering, coordination and technique, theory and ear training, and musical expression.
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Multi-Purpose Practice
The exercises in this lab are marked with symbols helpful for practicing different technical and musicianship skills. In particular, you are encouraged to employ “play and sing” techniques to internalize musical relationships while developing physical coordination.
Fixed-do Solfège
Provides a singable syllable to match each of the seven letter notes in every scale. In Fixed-do, the note “C” is always identified and sung as “do”, regardless of key.
To keep a flowing line, omit accidentals when sight singing (D - E - F♯ is sung “re mi fa”).
Scale Degrees
Scale degrees number the notes of a scale in order from 1 to 7.
Here, scale degree numbers are enclosed in circles, with tonic (1) and Dominant (5) scale degrees colored purple for reference. Chromatic tones are enclosed in red circles.
While singing in fixed-do solfège tracks the absolute pitches of a given musical line, singing in scale degrees tracks the position and role of the notes with respect to a key center. Employ both at different times in your scale practice for best results.
Fingerings
Do not confuse scale degree numbers with fingering numbers.
Scale exercises are labeled with standard fingerings for both hands. Note that repertoire passages can deviate from the standard fingering. Try the fingerings marked in each excerpt, but also explore alternatives and ultimately choose what’s best for your hand.
Roman numeral analysis
Labels harmonies according to the root, with chords built on a given scale degree assigned a roman numeral corresponding to that number.
Tonal phrases tend to move from tonic (roman numeral I, built on scale degree 1) to dominant (roman numeral V, built on scale degree 5), and back, with other harmonies, especially ii and IV, used to prepare the dominant.
Pay attention to how composers use these functional harmonies with respect to the scalar lines within each passage.
How to approach the exercises
As mentioned before, these exercises go hand in hand with our comprehensive video lab, which you can access for free here. Feel free to check it out for a more in-depth look into this process.
Depending on your current skill level and practice goals, you can approach this lab in different ways.
Beginner and intermediate players:
Take your time: feel free to slow down the video using the settings and replay activities until you’re comfortable with a given skill. Don’t feel the pressure to complete all the exercises lab in one sitting.
More experienced players:
Try using the simpler activities to warm up your fingers or to reinforce your musical understanding. You may even repurpose the whole lab to target a single skill, like sight reading or ear training, or to warm up for a piece you're practicing in the same key. Feel free to speed up the videos to try drills at faster tempos, and repeat replay activities as neede
G Major Scale Elements
Notes and Scale Degrees
These are the nuts and bolts of the scale: note names, scale degrees, and solfège syllables.
Right-Hand Fingering
This is the standard right-hand, one-octave scale fingering for this key.
Left-Hand Fingering
This is the standard left-hand, one-octave scale fingering for this key.
Hands Together
These are the standard hands-together, two-octave scale fingerings for this key.
To help you think ahead of your fingers, only fingerings for changes of hand position are shown.
G Major Exercises: Mozart Sonata K. 283
Mozart: Exercise 1
This exercise isolates the right-hand scale figure and adds a “stop” on the top note to get your bearings before descending.
Mozart: Exercise 2
This exercise adds a structural reduction of the third measure, giving you a firmer grasp on its harmonic and contrapuntal trajectory.
Mozart: Exercise 3
This exercise includes more “stops” and fleshes out the underlying harmonies. The placement of the stops also simplifies the metrical structure, which is a hemiola in the original piece.
Mozart: As Written
Where Exercise 3 featured right-hand block chords at the cadence in measure 3, the original piece features broken chords. Unlike in the exercises, the changes of harmony are every two beats, which in 3/4 time creates a hemiola effect: the first two bars of this passage are in 3/4, but they sound like three bars of 2/4.
G Major Exercises: Beethoven Concerto No. 4, Op. 58
Beethoven: Exercise 1
This exercise isolates the right-hand scale figure, adds fingerings and accents, and highlights the tonic (in purple circles) and chromatic alterations (in red circles). Scale degree 5 shows how the dominant is emphasized at the beginning, middle, and end.
Beethoven: Exercise 2
Like Exercise 1, but for the left hand.
Beethoven: Exercise 2
This exercise isolates the hands-together scale in thirds, with a fingering that allows the hands to change position at the same time.
Beethoven: Exercise 3
This exercise introduces “stops” every six notes, allowing you to think ahead while holding the long note.
Beethoven: As Written
Conclusion
Now that we’ve gone through these examples, you should have all of the tools necessary to play a G major scale and related passages with ease.
If you’d like to watch the lesson we mentioned earlier for free, just click here.
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